Valorization of Pomelo Peel Essential Oil for the Formulation of Eco-Friendly Bar Soap
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/modern.v4i6.16Keywords:
Citrus Paradisi, Essential Oil, Pomelo Peel, Solid Soap, Sustainable CosmeticsAbstract
The increasing demand for natural and eco-friendly personal care products has encouraged innovation in utilizing agricultural waste. This study aimed to formulate bar soap using essential oil extracted from pomelo peel (Citrus paradisi) and evaluate its physicochemical, organoleptic, and antibacterial properties. Two formulations of vegetable oil (coconut, olive, and palm oil) and three concentrations of essential oil (0%, 2%, 4%) were tested using a factorial randomized complete design. Parameters assessed included pH, moisture content, total fatty matter, sensory attributes (texture, aroma, color, and foam), and antibacterial activity against Aeromonas sp.. The results showed that all formulations met the national quality standard (SNI 3532:2021), with the best outcome observed in the soap containing 4% essential oil and Formula 1 (15% coconut, 20% olive, 65% palm oil). This treatment produced soap with optimal pH (8), moisture (15.64%), fat content (81.78%), and favorable texture and foaming performance. However, antibacterial activity was limited, with inhibition zones measuring only 6.0–6.5 mm. The findings support the use of pomelo peel essential oil in sustainable soap production and encourage further research on enhancing its functional efficacy. This study contributes to the valorization of citrus waste and the advancement of natural cosmetics
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