Alien Fish Invasions in Indonesian Inland Waters: Ecological Consequences and Biodiversity Implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/modern.v5i2.37Keywords:
Alien Fish, Invasive Species, Freshwater Biodiversity, Inland Waters, IndonesiaAbstract
Alien fish introductions have become an increasingly significant ecological issue in Indonesian inland waters, largely driven by aquaculture development, fisheries enhancement, and ornamental fish trade. While non-native species contribute to food security and economic growth, their establishment in natural freshwater ecosystems raises concerns for native biodiversity. This study systematically reviews existing literature on alien fish invasions in Indonesia, focusing on their ecological consequences and biodiversity implications. Using a structured review approach across major academic databases, relevant peer-reviewed studies were identified and synthesized. The findings indicate that widely introduced species such as Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus are associated with competition, predation, habitat modification, and trophic restructuring. These impacts may alter native fish community composition and contribute to biotic homogenization, particularly in high-endemism freshwater systems. The review highlights the need for strengthened risk assessment, biosecurity measures, and ecosystem-based management to balance fisheries development with long-term biodiversity conservation
References
Achmad, H., Martini, L., Aris Wibowo, S., & Nugroho, L. (2018). Harmful/invasive and potentially invasive fishes in Yogyakarta and surrounding: Spread,introduction potentials and control measures. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 24(1), 61–72.
Adha, K., Rahim, A., Esa, Y., & Arshad, A. (2013). The Influence of Alien Fish Species on Native Fish Community Structure in Malaysian Waters. Kuroshio Science, 7(1), 81–93.
Adjie, S., Khoirul, D., Balai, F., Perikanan, P., Umum, P., & Palembang, M.-. (2015). R (Amphilopus labiatus) and (Ampheproductive biology of red devililopus citrinellus) IN KEDUNG OMBO RESERVOIR, CENTRAL JAVA (Vol. 7, Number 1).
Ainy, N. S., Mujadid, I., Hadi, N., & Sjahfirdi, L. (2024). Increase in the Abundance of Invasive Fish Species in the Ciliwung River, DKI Jakarta and West Java Provinces. ADI Journal on Recent Innovation (AJRI), 6(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.34306/ajri.v6i1.1060
Banyal, H. S., & Bains, N. (2025). Impacts of Invasive Fish Species on Native Fish Species: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Management. BioThink E-Magazine, (4), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17332225
Beaury, E. M., Finn, J. T., Corbin, J. D., Barr, V., & Bradley, B. A. (2020). Biotic resistance to invasion is ubiquitous across ecosystems of the United States. Ecology Letters, 23(3), 476–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13446
Blanchard, R., Camacho-Cervantes, M., Herrera Ecuador, I., Koyama, A., Morales, C. L., & Munishi, L. K. (2023). Drivers Affecting Biological Invasions. In H. E. Roy, A. Pauchard, P. Stoett, & Truong R T (Eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. IPBES Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7430727
Bradbeer, S. J., Harrington, J., Watson, H., Warraich, A., Shechonge, A., Smith, A., Tamatamah, R., Ngatunga, B. P., Turner, G. F., & Genner, M. J. (2019). Limited hybridization between introduced and Critically Endangered indigenous tilapia fishes in northern Tanzania. Hydrobiologia, 832(1), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3572-5
Bunn, S. E., & Arthington, A. H. (2002). Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity. Environmental Management, 30(4), 492–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0
Carosi, A., Lorenzoni, F., & Lorenzoni, M. (2023). Synergistic Effects of Climate Change and Alien Fish Invasions in Freshwater Ecosystems: A Review. Fishes, 8(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100486
Casal, C. M. V. (2006). Global documentation of fish introductions: The growing crisis and recommendations for action. Biological Invasions, 8(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-0231-3
Chakraborty, B. (2024). Clarias gariepinus Summary Datasheet Type(s). CABI, 16, 1–24.
Chien, S. C. (2025). Ecological homogenization and convergence in urban ecosystems: A global synthesis of biotic, abiotic, and ecosystem dimensions. In Environmental and Sustainability Indicators (Vol. 28). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2025.100954
Christian, H.-M. (2023). The Main Drivers of Biodiversity Loss: A Brief Overview. Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources, 7(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-16000346
Colautti, R. I., Ricciardi, A., Grigorovich, I. A., & MacIsaac, H. J. (2004). Is invasion success explained by the enemy release hypothesis? Ecology Letters, 7(8), 721–733. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00616.x
Cooke, S. J., Piczak, M. L., Nyboer, E. A., Michalski, F., Bennett, A., Koning, A. A., Hughes, K. A., Chen, Y., Wu, J., Cowx, I. G., Koehnken, L., Raghavan, R., Pompeu, P. S., Phang, S., Valbo-Jørgensen, J., Bendixen, M., Torres, A., Getahun, A., Kondolf, G. M., … Taylor, W. W. (2024). Managing exploitation of freshwater species and aggregates to protect and restore freshwater biodiversity. Environmental Reviews, 32(3), 414–437. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0118
Dadiono, Muh. S. (2023). Invasi Spesies Amphilophus citrinellus Terhadap Ikan Lokal di Perairan Waduk Sanguling. Nekton, 3(2), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.47767/nekton.v3i2.498
Dali, M. Z. M., Umar, R., Ismail, N., Juahir, H., Nasir, M. S. A. M., Khaleel, A. G., Madiran, N. A., Kari, Z. A., Wei, L. S., Tahiluddin, A. B., Téllez-Isaías, G., & Kamarudin, A. S. (2023). Detection and Management of Freshwater Invasive Alien Species through Environmental DNA Analysis and Geographic Information Systems: A Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(12), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129497
David, P., Thébault, E., Anneville, O., Duyck, P. F., Chapuis, E., & Loeuille, N. (2017). Impacts of Invasive Species on Food Webs: A Review of Empirical Data. In Advances in Ecological Research (Vol. 56, pp. 1–60). Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.001
De Silva, S. S. (2012). Aquaculture: A newly emergent food production sector-and perspectives of its impacts on biodiversity and conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(12), 3187–3220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0360-9
Dina, R., Wahyudewantoro, G., Larashati, S., Aisyah, S., Lukman, Sulastri, Imroatushshoolikhah, & Sauri, S. (2022). Distributional Mapping and Impacts of Invasive Alien Fish in Indonesia: An Alert to Inland Waters Sustainability. Sains Malaysiana, 51(8), 2377–2401. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-04
Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., Naiman, R. J., Prieur-Richard, A. H., Soto, D., Stiassny, M. L. J., & Sullivan, C. A. (2006a). Freshwater biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 81(2), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006950
Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A. H., Gessner, M. O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, C., Naiman, R. J., Prieur-Richard, A. H., Soto, D., Stiassny, M. L. J., & Sullivan, C. A. (2006b). Freshwater biodiversity: Importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 81(2), 163–182. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006950
Elfidasari, D., Wijayanti, F., & Sholihah, A. (2020). Trophic level and position of pterygoplichthys pardalis in ciliwung river (Jakarta, indonesia) ecosystem based on the gut content analysis. Biodiversitas, 21(6), 2862–2870. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210665
Erarto, F., & Getahun, A. (2020). Impacts of introductions of alien species with emphasis on fishes. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 8(5), 207–216. http://www.fisheriesjournal.com
Alfiandi, M. F., Rokhim, A., & isnaeni, D. (2025). Ownership of invasive fish under positive law in Indonesia. International Journal of Cultural and Social Science, 6(2), 660–667.
FAO. (2010). Inland fisheries resource enhancement and conservation in Asia (M. Weimin, S. De Sliva, & B. Davy, Eds.). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Gozlan, R. E., Bommarito, C., Caballero-Huertas, M., Givens, J., Mortillaro, J. M., Pepey, E., Ralaiarison, R. P., Senff, P., & Combe, M. (2024). A one-health approach to non-native species, aquaculture, and food security. Water Biology and Security, 3(2), 100250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100250
Gusenbauer, M., & Haddaway, N. R. (2020). Which academic search systems are suitable for systematic reviews or meta-analyses? Evaluating retrieval qualities of Google Scholar, PubMed, and 26 other resources. Research Synthesis Methods, 11(2), 181–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1378
Hadiaty, R. K. (2007). Kajian ilmiah ikangar, Famili Lepisosteidae (Lepisosteus spp. & Atractosteus spp.): spesies ancaman bagi ikan asli Indonesia. Zoo Indonesia, 16(2), 87–96.
Haryani, G. S., Gustiano, R., Arthana, I. W., Noegroho, T., Aisyah, S., Kartika, G. R. A., & Sulawesty, F. (2025). Optimizing Fisheries Management for Invasive Fish Control in Lake Batur, Bali Island. BIO Web of Conferences, 196. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202519605001
Haryono, H., Gustiano, R., & Wahyudewantoro, G. (2023). Sustainable Development: The Case for Aquatic Biodiversity in Indonesia’s Peatland Areas. In G. Shukla, J. A. Bhat, S. Chakravarty, A. W. Almutairi, & M. Li (Eds.), Floristic Diversity – Biology and Conservation. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105919
Haryono, & Wahyudewantoro, G. (2020). The alien freshwater fish of Mount Galunggung, West Java, Indonesia. BIODIVERSITAS, 21(4), 1407–1414. https://smujo.id/biodiv/about/submissions
Haubrock, P. J., Bernery, C., Cuthbert, R. N., Liu, C., Kourantidou, M., Leroy, B., Turbelin, A. J., Kramer, A. M., Verbrugge, L. N. H., Diagne, C., Courchamp, F., & Gozlan, R. E. (2022). Knowledge gaps in economic costs of invasive alien fish worldwide. Science of the Total Environment, 803, 149875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149875
Haubrock, P. J., Novello, M., Abreo, N. A., Błońska, D., Sampaio Franco, A. C., Soto, I., Castaldelli, G., Katsanevakis, S., Kouba, A., Balzani, P., Kurtul, I., Tarkan, A. S., Briski, E., & Britton, R. (2025). A Global Account of Established Non-Native Fish Species. Global Change Biology, 31(8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70451
Haubrock, P. J., Tarkan, A. S., Martín-Forés, I., Katsanevakis, S., Sousa, R., Soto, I., Green, A. J., Kouba, A., Everts, T., Dominguez Almela, V., Belouard, N., Hui, C., Bojko, J., Deklerck, V., Boeraeve, M., Essl, F., & Britton, J. R. (2025). The spread of non-native species. Biological Reviews, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/brv.70121
Hedianto, D. A., Purnomo, K., Kartamihardja, E. S., & Warsa, A. (2014). Population parameters of three spot cichlid (Cichlasoma trimaculatum, Günther 1867) in sempor reservoir, Central Java. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 20(2), 81–88.
Hedianto, D. A., & Sentosa, A. A. (2019). Trophic interactions of fish community in Lake Matano, South Sulawesi post-development of invasive alien fish species. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 25(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.15578/jppi.25.2.2019.117-133
Henriksson, P. J. G., Tran, N., Mohan, C. V., Chan, C. Y., Rodriguez, U. P., Suri, S., Mateos, L. D., Utomo, N. B. P., Hall, S., & Phillips, M. J. (2017). Indonesian aquaculture futures – Evaluating environmental and socioeconomic potentials and limitations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 1482–1490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.133
Herawati, H., Dhahiyat, Y., & Raya Bandung-Sumedang, Z. J. (2017). Restocking Ikan Mola (Hypophthalmichthys molit,Valenciennes 1844) Di Waduk Cirata Sebagai Upaya Pengendalian Kelimpahan Plankton. Jurnal Akuatika Indonesia, 2(1), 95–101.
Husnah, & Aida, S. N. (2005). Jenis, jumlah, dan distribusi ikan budi daya terlepas di Sungai Kampar, Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(6), 1–10.
Hutama, A. A., Hadiaty, R. K., & Hubert, N. (2016). Biogeography of Indonesian freshwater fishes: Current progress. Treubia, 43, 17–30.
Insani, L., Hasan, V., Sil Valen, F., Pratama, S., Widodo, M. S., Faqih, A. R., Islamy, A., Mukti, A. T., & Isroni, W. (2020). Presence of the invasive nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in the Yamdena Island, Indonesia. Eco. Env. & Cons., 26(3), 1115–1118.
Jeff, J., Hoover, R., Murphy, C. E., & Killgore, J. (2014). Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program Ecological Impacts of Suckermouth Catfi shes (Loricariidae) in North America: A Conceptual Model. ANSRP Bulletin Volume, 14, 1–20.
Johnson, P. T. J., Olden, J. D., & Vander Zanden, M. J. (2008). Dam invaders: Impoundments facilitate biological invasions into freshwaters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6(7), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1890/070156
Kiruba-Sankar, R., Praveen Raj, J., Saravanan, K., Lohith Kumar, K., Raymond, J., Angel, J., Velmurugan, A., & Dam Roy, S. (2018). Invasive species in freshwater ecosystems-threats to ecosystem services. In Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands (pp. 257–296). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813064-3.00009-0
Li, Q. S., Xiong, Z. P., Lu, B., Pu, Y. W., Li, Y., Zhang, Y. J., & Duan, Y. B. (2022). Trophic niche differentiation between invasive and native frog species in urban wetlands of Kunming, China. Global Ecology and Conservation, 40, e02318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02318
Liu, Y., Hewitt, C. L., McKirdy, S. J., & Thomas, M. L. (2026). Safeguarding islands: A systematic review of global island biosecurity plans. Global Ecology and Conservation, 66, e04107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2026.e04107
Lohman, D. J., De Bruyn, M., Page, T., Von Rintelen, K., Hall, R., Ng, P. K. L., Shih, H. Te, Carvalho, G. C., & Von Rintelen, T. (2011). Beyond Wallaces line: Genes and biology inform historical biogeographical insights in the Indo-Australian archipelago. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 42, 205–226. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102710-145001
Medrano, A. D. (2023). Fish, Freshwater, and the Promise of Biodiversity History for Indonesian Studies. Forest and Society, 7(2), 435–449. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i2.18877
Muchlisin, Z. (2012). First report on introduced freshwater fishes in the waters of Aceh, Indonesia. Archives of Polish Fisheries, 20(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10086-012-0015-1
Mujahid, M., Adlan, Q., Diatin, I., Hadiroseyani, Y., & Matangaran, J. R. (2025). Utilizing settling ponds in reclaimed mine sites in Indonesia: Linking georesources and fish culture. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 12(5), 8583–8592. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2025.125.8583
Nurfadillah, N., Fadli, N., Jalil, Z., & Akib, N. A. M. (2025). Food Habits and Growth Patterns of Native and Invasive Fish in Lake Aneuk Laot Sabang, Indonesia. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 20(4), 933–944. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.200422
Ohee, H. L., Sujarta, P., Surbakti, S. B., & Barclay, H. (2018). Rapid expansion and biodiversity impacts of the red devil cichlid (Amphilophus labiatus, Günther 1864) in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(6), 2096–2103. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190615
Olden, J. D., Poff, N. L. R., Douglas, M. R., Douglas, M. E., & Fausch, K. D. (2004). Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.09.010
Parenti, L. R. (2011). Endemism and conservation of the native freshwater fish fauna of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Prosiding SeminarNasional Ikan V!, 1–10.
Patoka, J., Takdir, M., Yonvitner, Aryadi, H., Jerikho, R., Nilawati, J., Tantu, F. Y., Bohatá, L., Aulia, A., Kamal, M. M., Wardiatno, Y., & Petrtýl, M. (2020). Two species of illegal South American sailfin catfish of the genus Pterygoplichthys well-established in Indonesia. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 2020-January(421), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020021
Pavlov, D. S., & Kasumyan, A. O. (2002). Feeding Diversity in Fishes: Trophic Classification of Fish. Journal of Ichthyology, 42(2), S137–S159.
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the Conduct of Narrative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews. Lancaster University.
Rachmatika, I., Wahyudewantoro, G., Zoologi, B., Raya, J., Bogor, J., & 46 Cibinong, K. (2006). Introduced Fishes to Inland Waters in West Java and Ban ten: Some Notes on its Taxonomic and Distribution. Jurna/ Iktiologi Indonesia, 6(2), 93–97.
Rahel, F. J. (2002). Homogenization of freshwater faunas. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33, 291–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150429
Ricciardi, A., Iacarella, J. C., Aldridge, D. C., Blackburn, T. M., Carlton, J. T., Catford, J. A., Dick, J. T. A., Hulme, P. E., Jeschke, J. M., Liebhold, A. M., Lockwood, J. L., Macisaac, H. J., Meyerson, L. A., Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Ruiz, G. M., Simberloff, D., Vilà, M., & Wardle, D. A. (2021). Four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid environmental change. Environmental Reviews, 29(2), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0088
Rios, E. B., Sadler, J., Graham, L., & Matthews, T. J. (2024). Species distribution models and island biogeography: Challenges and prospects. Global Ecology and Conservation, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e02943
Robin, Valen, F. S., Nomleni, A., Turnip, G., Yermias Luhulima, M., & Insani, L. (2023). Presence of non-native freshwater fish in Indonesia: A review - Risk and ecological impacts. AACL Bioflux, 16(1), 66–79. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Salsabila, S., Putri, V. Y. N., Bagaskara, R. D., Putri, N. P., Khoirinisa, F., Margaretha, A., Vauzcika, A. N., Ero, S. T. Y., Wiranti, D. D. P., Syabani, F. R., Rahayu, S. M., Sanjayasari, D., & Hutabarat, P. (2024). Invasive Aquatic Animal Species in Indonesia: A Review. MAIYAH, 3(4), 287. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.maiyah.2024.3.4.13946
Sayer, C. A., Fernando, E., Jimenez, R. R., Macfarlane, N. B. W., Rapacciuolo, G., Böhm, M., Brooks, T. M., Contreras-MacBeath, T., Cox, N. A., Harrison, I., Hoffmann, M., Jenkins, R., Smith, K. G., Vié, J. C., Abbott, J. C., Allen, D. J., Allen, G. R., Barrios, V., Boudot, J. P., … Darwall, W. R. T. (2025). One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction. Nature, 638(8049), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08375-z
Scribner, K. T., Page, K. S., & Bartron, M. L. (2001). Hybridization in freshwater fishes: a review of case studies and cytonuclear methods of biological inference. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 10, 293–323.
Shuai, F., Li, J., & Lek, S. (2023). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) invasion impacts trophic position and resource use of commercially harvested piscivorous fishes in a large subtropical river. Ecological Processes, 12(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-023-00430-3
Strayer, D. L. (2010). Alien species in fresh waters: Ecological effects, interactions with other stressors, and prospects for the future. Freshwater Biology, 55(1), 152–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02380.x
Subekti, N. M., Kartika, I. W. D., & Restu, I. W. (2025). Reproductive Aspects of Red Devil Fish (Amphilophus citrinellus) in Lake Batur Area, Bali. Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 9(2), 135–139. https://doi.org/10.24843/atbes.2025.v09.i02.p10
Sulistiono, S., Wildan, D. M., Ervinia, A., Rohim, N., Hedianto, D. A., Baihaqi, F., Abdillah, D., Yoga Parawangsa, I. N., Wahyudewantoro, G., & Yokota, M. (2022). Diversity, distribution, and species status of the fish in Banten Bay, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 339. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233903003
Taryono, Mashar, A., & Aryasa, S. (2021). Management policy of invasive species red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) at Lido Lake, Bogor Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 744(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/744/1/012090
Umar, C., Kartamihardja, E. S., & Aisyah. (2015). Invasive impact of red devil fish (Amphilophus citrinellus) to fish diversity in inland water in Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia, 7(1), 55–61.
Wainright, C. A., Muhlfeld, C. C., Elser, J. J., Bourret, S. L., & Devlin, S. P. (2021). Species invasion progressively disrupts the trophic structure of native food webs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2102179118/-/DCSupplemental
Widjaja, E. A., Rahayuningsih, Y., Rahajoe, Y. S., Ubaidillah, R., Maryanto, I., Walujo, E. B., & Semiadi, G. (2014). Kekinian Keanekaragaman Hayati Indonesia. LIPI Press.
Wohlin, C., Kalinowski, M., Romero Felizardo, K., & Mendes, E. (2022). Successful combination of database search and snowballing for identification of primary studies in systematic literature studies. Information and Software Technology, 147, 106908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2022.106908
Yanuarita, D., Inaku, D. F., Nurdin, N., Rahim, S. W., Kudsiah, H., Parawansa, B. S., Rukminasari, N., Irmawati, & Moka, W. (2020). Aquatic invasive species distribution within Wallace region: A preliminary review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 564(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/564/1/012038
