The Effect of the use of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) on Referee Decisions in 1he Indonesian Liga 1

Ghiffary Haslan Purwanto; Tomoliyus; Endang Rini Sukamti; Abdul Alim

doi:10.55927/modern.v5i4.50

Authors

Ghiffary Haslan Purwanto Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Yogyakarta State University
Tomoliyus Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Yogyakarta State University
Endang Rini Sukamti Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Yogyakarta State University
Abdul Alim Sports Coaching Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Yogyakarta State University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/modern.v5i4.50

Keywords:

Video Assistant Referee, Referee Decisions, Indonesia Liga 1, VAR, Player Behavior

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) on refereeing decisions and match dynamics in Indonesia's Liga 1. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach with a comparative design, examining the 2023/2024 season (without VAR) and the 2024/2025 season (with VAR), each consisting of 306 matches. The observed variables included added time, number of goals, corner kicks, yellow cards, and red cards. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The results indicate that VAR increased match added time (p < 0.001) and reduced the number of goals (p = 0.035) and yellow cards (p < 0.001). The number of corner kicks did not change significantly, while findings regarding red cards were inconsistent across analytical methods. These findings suggest that VAR influences both match duration and player behavior in Indonesia's Liga 1

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